Indoor cables are primarily used for horizontal and vertical backbone subsystems within buildings. Horizontal subsystem cables connect workstations to distribution points, while vertical backbone cables link equipment rooms to floor distribution rooms. These cables require careful handling due to their lower tensile strength, larger bending radius, and fireproofing measures. They are typically installed in cable shafts or conduits, secured with nylon ties or steel clips, and sealed with fire-resistant materials to prevent moisture and fire hazards. Extra cable length (5–10 meters) is reserved for flexibility at equipment ends .
Outdoor cables are designed for long-distance trunk lines, local telephone relays, LANs, private networks, and submarine communications. They are built to withstand environmental stresses such as moisture, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical forces. The main laying methods include:
Optical cables are constructed with multiple layers to suit their laying purpose:
The classification of optical cables by laying purpose ensures optimal performance and durability in their respective environments. Indoor cables focus on fire safety and flexibility, while outdoor cables emphasize mechanical strength, environmental protection, and specialized installation methods such as overhead, direct burial, pipeline, or underwater deployment . Proper selection and installation are critical for reliable fiber-optic communication.
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