This paper is an overview of recent progress in PLC technology including optical power splitters, arrayed-waveguide gratings, thermo-optic switches, and hybrid integrated PLCs. NTT Electronics (NEL) has produced PLC chip and modules products that support optical communication networks. A typical optical waveguide structure consists of three parts: a high-refractive-index core, a. Planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) provide various important devices for optical WDM, TDM systems, subscriber networks and etc. These channels are typically less than 10 microns across and are patterned using microlithography techniques.
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