This is where SFP+ (10G) and QSFP28/QSFP-DD (100G/400G) modules play a vital role. These small form-factor pluggable modules are the backbone of the switches and routers that power Finland's smart grids, autonomous maritime logistics, and world-class research networks like FUNET. The Cisco ® family of QSFP-DD modules provide the industry's highest bandwidth density while leveraging the backward compatibility to lower-speed QSFP pluggable modules and cables. Supporting single-span unamplified reach of up to 80km, amplified reach up to 120km, and. n the router-pluggable QSFP-DD format. Developed by the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) and released in March 2020, 400ZR is profile-optimized for high-density acce s and point-to-point DCI applications. These small, modular optical interface transceivers offer a convenient and cost-effective solution for an array of applications in the data center, campus, metropolitan-area access and ring network.
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