A grating fiber optic sensor operates by embedding a periodic variation of the refractive index along a short segment of an optical fiber, forming a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). This grating reflects a specific wavelength of light, known as the Bragg wavelength, while transmitting all other wavelengths. When the fiber experiences changes in strain or temperature, the spacing of the grating and the refractive index shift, causing a measurable change in the reflected wavelength, which can be detected and quantified .
The FBG is created by exposing the fiber core to intense ultraviolet light, producing a permanent periodic modulation of the refractive index. Broadband light sent through the fiber is partially reflected at each grating segment, and constructive interference occurs at the Bragg wavelength. The reflected wavelength shifts proportionally with strain or temperature changes, enabling precise sensing .
Grating fiber optic sensors are widely used in:
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