
1. Conductive Layers: Busbars are primarily made of copper or aluminum. Aluminum is increasingly favored in electric vehicles due to its lightweight (about one-third the density of copper) and cost advantages, though it has slightly lower electrical conductivity, requiring larger cross-sectional areas to carry the same current . Laminated busbars consist of multiple stacked conductive layers, which reduce impedance, improve heat dissipation, and allow compact layouts . PCB-based busbars integrate conductors into printed circuit boards, reducing loop inductance and enabling high-frequency current handling in SiC converters . 2. Insulation and Coatings: High-voltage busbars are coated with high-voltage-resistant materials such as XLPE or silicone rubber to prevent electrical breakdown and ensure safety . Laminated busbars may include injection-molded insulation layers between conductive sheets, providing both electrical isolation and mechanical stability . 3. Mechanical Supports and Integration: Busbars are often designed with rigid structures to resist vibration and mechanical fatigue. They can be shaped to fit battery packs, DC/DC converters, or inverters, supporting modular assembly and reducing wiring complexity . Mounting brackets, shielding layers, and connectors are integrated to minimize contact resistance and heat accumulation. 4. Thermal and Electrical Optimization: Busbar design considers current density, stray inductance, and capacitance. Laminated or PCB busbars reduce loop inductance, mitigate voltage spikes, and improve thermal performance, which is critical for high-frequency switching devices like SiC or GaN power semiconductors . Simulation tools, such as Bus Bar Calculator™, are used to optimize electrical, thermal, and magnetic parameters for compact and reliable designs .
The typical manufacturing steps include:
High-voltage busbars are used in:
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