
Cube beam splitters are constructed from two right-angle prisms cemented together, with one hypotenuse surface coated to partially reflect light. They are widely used in interferometers and optical experiments due to their compact cubic shape and ability to split light with minimal beam displacement. Cube splitters can be polarizing or non-polarizing, depending on the coating and material used, and are often preferred for high-precision applications where alignment stability is critical .
Plate beam splitters consist of a thin, flat glass plate coated on one surface to reflect a portion of the incident light while transmitting the rest. They are typically placed at a 45° angle of incidence and are available in polarizing and non-polarizing versions. Plate splitters are lightweight and suitable for space-constrained setups, but they can produce ghost reflections, which are mitigated using anti-reflective coatings or wedged substrates .
Pellicle beam splitters use a thin membrane stretched across a frame to split light. They are extremely lightweight and introduce minimal optical path difference, making them ideal for high-speed or high-precision laser applications. Pellicles are particularly useful when avoiding multiple reflections or interference effects is important .
Crystal beam splitters, such as Wollaston prisms, use birefringent materials to separate light into two beams with orthogonal polarization states. These are commonly used in polarization-sensitive experiments and applications requiring precise control of polarization .
Brewster beam splitters exploit the Brewster angle to minimize reflection for p-polarized light while reflecting s-polarized light. Wedged plate splitters are designed with a slight angle between surfaces to reduce ghost reflections and improve beam quality. Both types are used in specialized optical setups where polarization or reflection control is critical .
Displacement beam splitters are designed to laterally or parallelly displace output beams with high precision. They are often used in interferometry and metrology where exact beam positioning is required. These splitters can be customized for non-standard wavelengths or geometries .
Some beam splitters allow continuous adjustment of the splitting ratio using a rotatable half-wave plate combined with a polarizing splitter, enabling precise control of reflected and transmitted power. Polarizing beam splitters are specified by their extinction ratio, while non-polarizing splitters are specified by their splitting ratio .
Beam splitters are classified by geometry, polarization properties, and functional design. The main models include:
Newport offers a wide variety of Beamsplitters in various shapes. Circular beamsplitters, plate beamsplitters and cube beamsplitters
For beamsplitters that separate beams by wavelength, see our selection of dichroic mirror / beamsplitters
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