A composite optical cable typically combines several elements into one robust assembly. It contains optical fibers, usually single-mode or multimode, housed in loose tubes filled with waterproof gel to protect against moisture. Alongside the fibers, copper conductors carry DC power, often ranging from 48 V to 400 V, depending on the system design. The cable's core is reinforced with a fiberglass or steel central strength member, around which the fibers and copper conductors are stranded. Additional layers, such as water-blocking fillers, laminated steel tape, and an outer jacket made of PE or LSZH, provide mechanical strength and environmental protection .
The optical fibers transmit high-speed data using light pulses, offering high bandwidth, low latency, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, making them ideal for applications like high-speed internet, telephony, and video signals . The copper conductors simultaneously deliver electrical power to remote devices, such as Remote Radio Units (RRUs), surveillance cameras, or traffic signals, eliminating the need for separate power lines .
Composite optical cables provide several benefits:
These cables are widely used in telecommunications, particularly in wireless fronthaul networks, connecting Baseband Units (BBUs) to RRUs. They are also employed in urban infrastructure, smart city projects, and audiovisual systems where multiple signals or power and data need to be delivered simultaneously .
While hybrid cables also carry power and data, the term composite cable can refer to a combination of multiple types of the same transmission medium, such as different fiber types or shielded and unshielded copper pairs, often used in AV applications for single-pull installations . Hybrid cables, in contrast, are specifically designed to deliver both electrical power and data over a single cable for remote devices.
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