The 2Africa subsea cable is currently the largest fiber optic cable in the world, spanning approximately 45,000 kilometers with a design capacity of up to 180 terabits per second.
The 2Africa cable is a monumental global telecommunications project designed to enhance internet connectivity across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Announced in 2020, it is a consortium-led initiative including major companies like Meta, China Mobile International, MTN GlobalConnect, Orange, stc, Telecom Egypt, Vodafone, and WIOCC . The cable system is expected to deliver more bandwidth than all existing subsea cables serving Africa combined, using Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM1) to increase fiber pairs and data throughput .
In addition to subsea length, fiber density is another measure of “largest” in terms of capacity. Modern high fiber count cables can contain up to 6912 fibers in a single cable, using innovations like flexible ribbon designs and reduced buffer coatings to maximize fiber density . For example, Corning's 3456-fiber cable has a diameter of only 32 mm (~1.3 inches) yet packs an extremely high fiber density, with 54% of the cable cross-section occupied by fibers . These cables are primarily used in data centers and metro backbones, supporting 5G networks and high-capacity urban infrastructure .
The 2Africa cable holds the record for length and global connectivity, while high fiber count cables like the 6912-fiber designs represent the largest capacity per cable. Both innovations demonstrate the rapid evolution of fiber optic technology to meet growing global data demands.
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